What You Need to Know About Civil vs. Criminal Liability in Connecticut

When you hear the word “liability” in a legal context, you might picture a dramatic courtroom scene from a movie. But what does it really mean? In Connecticut, the legal system distinguishes between two main types of liability: civil and criminal. While they can sometimes arise from the same event, they involve different parties, legal standards, and consequences.

Understanding these differences is crucial if you find yourself involved in a legal dispute. The criminal defense and personal injury attorneys at Jacobs & Dow, LLC, will clarify the key distinctions between civil liability and criminal liability, helping you navigate the complexities of Connecticut law.

What is Civil Liability?

Civil liability arises from disputes between private parties — individuals, groups, or businesses. When one party (the plaintiff) believes another party (the defendant) has caused them harm or loss, they can file a civil lawsuit to seek compensation. The goal isn’t to punish the defendant but to make the plaintiff “whole” again by awarding monetary damages.

Common examples of civil cases include personal injury claims, contract disputes, and property damage lawsuits.

Key Aspects of Civil Liability

• Purpose: To compensate a victim for harm or loss.
• Parties Involved: A private individual or entity sues another.
• Burden of Proof: The standard is a “preponderance of the evidence.” This means the plaintiff must prove it is more likely than not (over 51% likely) that the defendant is responsible for the harm. This is a lower standard than in criminal cases.
• Penalties: If found liable, the defendant is typically ordered to pay monetary damages. This can cover costs like medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering.

What is Criminal Liability?

Criminal liability involves an action that is considered an offense against the state or society as a whole. In these cases, the government — not an individual — prosecutes the person accused of a crime. The primary goal is to punish the offender, protect the public, and deter others from committing similar acts.

Crimes are defined by state and federal statutes and include everything from minor infractions like traffic violations to serious felonies like assault or theft.

Key Aspects of Criminal Liability

• Purpose: To punish the offender and deter crime.
• Parties Involved: The government (the state) prosecutes an individual.
• Burden of Proof: The standard is “beyond a reasonable doubt.” This is the highest legal standard, requiring the prosecution to present evidence so compelling that there is no other logical explanation for the facts except that the defendant committed the crime.
• Penalties: Consequences can include fines, probation, community service, or imprisonment.

Can a Single Act Lead to Both?

Yes, a single event can result in both criminal charges and a civil lawsuit. A classic example is a drunk driving accident. The state of Connecticut can press criminal charges against the driver for driving under the influence. 

At the same time, the person injured in the accident can file a separate civil lawsuit against the driver to seek compensation for their injuries, medical expenses, and other damages. The two cases proceed independently of each other.

Navigating Your Legal Challenges

Understanding the distinction between civil and criminal liability is the first step, but facing a legal issue can still feel overwhelming. Whether you have been injured due to someone else’s negligence or are facing criminal charges, the uncertainty can disrupt your entire life.

At Jacobs & Dow, LLC, our experienced legal team is dedicated to protecting your rights and helping you find a path forward. With decades of experience in both personal injury and criminal defense, we provide trusted, personal guidance for every client. We will thoroughly review your case and develop a strategy tailored to achieve the best possible outcome.

Get the Legal Support You Need

If you need to discuss your legal options, don’t hesitate to reach out. Our New Haven law firm is available for consultations during weekday office hours, on Saturday mornings, and by appointment on evenings, Sundays, and holidays.

Contact Jacobs & Dow, LLC today at (203) 712-5575 to schedule an appointment and let us help you regain a sense of normalcy.